foreign policy

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked a watershed moment in global history, reshaping the geopolitical landscape and heralding the end of the Cold War era. At the center of this dramatic transformation was Mikhail Gorbachev, the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev’s policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) aimed to revitalize the Soviet Union’s faltering economy and inject new life into its political system....

In the annals of history, there are chapters that are often overlooked or deliberately obscured, hidden away from the collective memory of humanity. One such chilling chapter is the forgotten genocide orchestrated by Leopold II, the King of Belgium, against the Congolese people. While Leopold II is often celebrated for his colonial achievements, his reign of terror in the Congo Free State remains a haunting reminder of the depths of human cruelty and exploitation....

The overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom stands as a somber reminder of the tumultuous encounters between indigenous cultures and colonial powers. In the late 19th century, Hawaii’s rich and vibrant kingdom, ruled by a line of monarchs for centuries, experienced a fateful turning point that would forever alter its destiny. This article delves into the historical events that unfolded during this period, examining the causes, consequences, and lasting impact of the overthrow....

In a nation long plagued by socioeconomic disparities and inequality, Evo Morales emerged as a visionary leader with a determination to address poverty head-on in Bolivia. During his tenure as the country’s first indigenous president, Morales embarked on a revolutionary approach that sought to uplift the marginalized and transform the lives of the impoverished. Through a combination of progressive policies, grassroots initiatives, and a commitment to social justice, Morales implemented an ambitious agenda that aimed to tackle poverty from its roots, empowering the Bolivian people and reshaping the nation’s future....

The assassination of Patrice Lumumba, a charismatic and visionary leader of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), remains a haunting chapter in Africa’s history. While Lumumba’s tragic demise has long been a subject of speculation and controversy, a growing body of evidence sheds light on the significant role played by Western powers in orchestrating his assassination. This article delves into the historical context, political motivations, and actions that implicate the West in Lumumba’s murder, unraveling a deeply unsettling narrative of foreign interference and the lasting impact it has had on the African continent....

The Crimean War was fought between Russia and an alliance of France, the Ottoman Empire, and the United Kingdom from 1853 to 1856. It was a brutal conflict that claimed the lives of more than 750,000 soldiers and civilians. However, it also provided valuable lessons that are still relevant today. In this article, we will explore ten key lessons that can be learned from the Crimean War. Diplomacy and Communication One of the key lessons of the Crimean War was the importance of diplomacy and communication....

Edward Snowden is a former National Security Agency (NSA) contractor who leaked classified information in 2013, which revealed the extent of government surveillance programs in the United States and around the world. The revelations sparked a global debate about privacy, security, and civil liberties. Here are seven unknown facts revealed by Edward Snowden to the public. Access to Your Phone Records Edward Snowden’s revelations showed that the NSA was collecting metadata from millions of phone records of Americans, including the phone numbers, call times, and durations of calls....